Exposure Points Episode One
- Ohio Valley Allies

- 1 hour ago
- 6 min read
Chemicals | Control | Data
By Stuart Day | Exposure Points | September 2025
Our economy is built on extraction. From coal to oil and gas, from petrochemicals to greenwashed “renewables,” and now to the rise of AI-driven data centers, one pattern repeats: we take, we exploit, we entrench—leaving communities and ecosystems to bear the cost.
In the first episode of Exposure Points, we explore three current stories that expose this cycle: Chemours and the PFAS lawsuits, Pennsylvania’s HB 502, and the explosion of data centers.
The Chemours Case and the Legacy of DuPont
On August 8, 2025, U.S. District Judge Joseph R. Goodwin issued an injunction against Chemours, ordering the company to halt unlawful discharges of PFAS into the Ohio River. In his words:
“This case is simple and all too familiar. For years, Defendant Chemours Company has discharged pollutants into the Ohio River. The level of discharge far exceeds the legal limits that bind Chemours. Those pollutants endanger the environment, aquatic life, and human health. Today, that unlawful, unpermitted discharge stops.”
The ruling came after a lawsuit filed by the West Virginia Rivers Coalition and the Little Hocking Water Association. Chemours has already signaled its intent to appeal, and a trial is set for September 16.
This case is not new—it’s part of a decades-long struggle that began with DuPont in Parkersburg, West Virginia. In the late 1990s, a cattle farmer named Wilbur Tennant saw his herd dying under mysterious circumstances. Along with a high school gym teacher, a local reporter, and attorney Rob Bilott, he exposed DuPont’s use of PFOA, or C-8, in making Teflon.
Internal documents revealed that DuPont had evidence of health risks but continued dumping waste into air, water, and land for decades. The 2017 settlement—$671 million split between DuPont and Chemours—was one of the largest environmental settlements in U.S. history. Yet production continued, with DuPont replacing C-8 with GenX and other short-chain PFAS compounds that carry similar risks.
Today, despite being found in violation of discharge permits, Chemours has been granted a new permit to expand its Washington Works facility. This contradiction—enforcement on paper, expansion in practice—captures the regulatory failures at the heart of the PFAS crisis.
Pennsylvania’s HB 502: The Erosion of Local Democracy
The second story brings us to Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. House Bill 502 proposes a new state board to oversee siting of large-scale energy projects over 25 megawatts. Supporters argue it will speed up renewable development and prevent a surge in new natural gas plants.
But HB 502 does more than streamline—it strips municipalities and townships of their authority. Residential districts are carved out, but agricultural and rural communities remain vulnerable. These are the very communities that stand to lose farmland, water, and local autonomy to outside corporations.
The Pennsylvania Constitution’s Environmental Rights Amendment obligates the Commonwealth to act as trustee of natural resources for all people. Interpreted through the “Commonwealth” framework, that responsibility was designed to protect local authority, not override it. HB 502 undermines that principle.
As Professor Luke Kemp of Cambridge University has argued, democratic governance is essential for addressing the climate crisis. Centralizing decisions in Harrisburg may accelerate projects, but it does so at the cost of legitimacy and trust.
Data Centers: Digital Extraction
The third story looks to the horizon of AI. Data centers are multiplying across Pennsylvania and West Virginia, with Amazon alone announcing $20 billion in new investments. Nationally, they are projected to consume up to 12% of U.S. electricity by 2028—triple their current share.
These facilities don’t just devour power. They use millions of gallons of water daily for cooling, sprawl across valuable land, and release vast amounts of waste heat. Local communities already see higher electric bills because of the demand surge.
This isn’t innovation—it’s digital extraction. The model is physically unsustainable. You cannot endlessly expand power- and water-hungry infrastructure without destabilizing the very systems we depend on.
The Bigger Picture
PFAS lawsuits, HB 502, and data centers may seem like separate issues. But they share a through-line: extraction framed as progress.
For decades, communities have sounded alarms—only to be dismissed until the damage was undeniable. From PFAS to pesticides, from fracking to pipelines, from coral bleaching to greenhouse gases, environmentalists have consistently been ahead of the curve. History shows they’ve been right more often than not.
The question is whether we’re ready to listen this time.
Citations and Resources:
Segment 1 — Chemours / DuPont, PFAS, and the WV Rivers injunction
Preliminary Injunction Order (Chemours, Washington Works) – U.S. District Judge Joseph R. Goodwin – 2025 – https://westvirginiawatch.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/08/Chemours-order.pdf West Virginia Watch
Chemours must immediately stop unlawfully polluting Ohio River – Associated Press – 2025 – https://apnews.com/article/013913916c8a656271b0adf40deadae1 AP News
Docket & opinion entries, WV Rivers v. Chemours – U.S. District Court (Justia) – 2025 – https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/district-courts/west-virginia/wvsdce/2%3A2024cv00701/240599/184/ Justia
C8 Science Panel “Probable Link” findings (kidney/testicular cancers; thyroid disease; ulcerative colitis; pregnancy-induced hypertension; high cholesterol) – C8 Science Panel – 2012 – https://www.c8sciencepanel.org/prob_link.html C8 Science Panel
EPA settles PFOA case against DuPont (failure to disclose substantial risk information under TSCA) – U.S. EPA – 2005 – https://www.epa.gov/archive/epapages/newsroom_archive/newsreleases/fdcb2f665cac66bb852570d7005d6665.html US EPA
2017 MDL settlement details ($670.7M; split between DuPont and Chemours) – Chemours SEC Form 8-K – 2017 – https://investors.chemours.com/static-files/95e80299-90d8-49b2-828c-95464f1c7527 Chemours Investors
Additional MDL summary (split + future-claims cost-share) – LGWM (MDL court summary) – 2017 – https://lgwmlaw.com/dupont-and-chemours-settle-mdl-related-to-pfoas/ Lloyd Gray Whitehead Monroe Law Firm
Final PFAS Drinking Water Rule (includes MCL for HFPO-DA/GenX) – U.S. EPA – 2024 – https://www.epa.gov/sdwa/drinking-water-health-advisories-genx-chemicals-and-pfbs US EPA
Health advisory for GenX (HFPO-DA) – U.S. EPA (Technical Fact Sheet PDF) – 2022 – https://www.epa.gov/system/files/documents/2022-06/drinking-water-genx-2022.pdf US EPA
“Chemours throws DuPont under the bus” (spinoff/legacy liabilities context) – NC Newsline – 2019 – https://ncnewsline.com/2019/07/01/chemours-throws-dupont-under-the-bus-alleges-company-chose-to-discharge-pfas-into-the-cape-fear-river/ Chemours
New Jersey statewide PFAS settlement ($2B: DuPont, Chemours, Corteva) – CBS/AP – 2025 – https://www.cbsnews.com/philadelphia/news/dupont-pfas-settlement-chemours-corteva-new-jersey-repauno-parlin/ CBS News
Companies’ announcement on NJ settlement (corporate primary) – Chemours – 2025 – https://www.chemours.com/en/news-media-center/all-news/press-releases/2025/chemours-dupont-and-corteva-reach-agreement-with-the-state-of-new-jersey Chemours
Segment 2 — Pennsylvania HB 502, local control, and ERA
Bill text & overview: House Bill 502 (“Reliable Energy Siting & Electric Transition Board”) – PA General Assembly – 2025 – https://www.palegis.us/legislation/bills/2025/hb502 Pennsylvania General Assembly
Bill history & printer’s number – PA General Assembly – 2025 – https://www.legis.state.pa.us/cfdocs/billinfo/bill_history.cfm?bn=502&body=H&sind=0&syear=2025&type=B Pennsylvania General Assembly
Robinson Township v. Commonwealth (key PA Supreme Court ERA decision) – Pa. Supreme Court (opinion PDF) – 2013 – https://delawarelaw.widener.edu/files/resources/robinsontwp2013editedmay1.pdf Delaware Law: Widener University
ERA case-law explainer (context for trustee duties & local role) – PennFuture – 2024 – https://www.pennfuture.org/Blog-Item-The-People-Have-A-Right-A-Brief-Overview-Of-Environmental-Rights-Amendment-Case-Law PennFuture
Segment 3 — Data centers: power, water, siting in PA/WV
DOE/LBNL 2024 report (projects data centers at 6.7–12% of U.S. electricity by 2028) – Berkeley Lab – 2025 – https://buildings.lbl.gov/news/berkeley-lab-report-evaluates-increase-electricity-demand-data-centers Building Technology and Urban Systems
DOE press release on the LBNL report – U.S. DOE – 2024 – https://www.energy.gov/articles/doe-releases-new-report-evaluating-increase-electricity-demand-data-centers The Department of Energy's Energy.gov
Coverage of the 12% figure (DOE-backed report) – Reuters – 2024 – https://www.reuters.com/business/energy/us-data-center-power-use-could-nearly-triple-by-2028-doe-backed-report-says-2024-12-20/ Reuters
Amazon $20B AI/data-center investment in PA (official) – Office of Gov. Josh Shapiro – 2025 – https://www.pa.gov/governor/newsroom/2025-press-releases/gov-announces-amazon-to-invest--20b-in-pa--largest-capital-inves.html Pennsylvania Government
Amazon $20B Pennsylvania data centers (newswire) – AP News – 2025 – https://apnews.com/article/31f705d035069279b70fa27a5dc71596 AP News
Nuclear supply agreement for AWS PA campus (Susquehanna) – Reuters – 2025 – https://www.reuters.com/business/energy/talen-energy-amazon-sign-nuclear-power-deal-fuel-data-centers-2025-06-11/ Reuters
Data-center water use (millions of gallons/day; up to ~5 MGD) – University of Tulsa – 2024 – https://utulsa.edu/news/data-centers-draining-resources-in-water-stressed-communities/ The University of Tulsa
Data-center water use explainer (5 MGD; town-scale consumption) – Environmental & Energy Study Institute – 2025 – https://www.eesi.org/articles/view/data-centers-and-water-consumption EESI
Shell Polymers Monaca (VOC permit context you reference)
DEP NOV coverage incl. limit language (516.2 tons VOC/12-month period) – WTAE (cites DEP) – 2022 – https://www.wtae.com/article/dep-says-shell-cracker-plant-exceeded-emission-limits-issues-notice-of-violation/42249275 WTAE
StateImpact/NPR: permit limit & exceedances – StateImpact Pennsylvania – 2022 – https://stateimpact.npr.org/pennsylvania/2022/12/15/shell-air-pollution-soars-during-startup-of-beaver-county-cracker-plant/ StateImpact
PublicSource: rolling VOC exceedances & DEP stance – PublicSource – 2023 – https://www.publicsource.org/shell-cracker-plant-pennsylvania-department-environmental-protection-dep-emissions/ Pittsburgh's Public Source
Misc. WV permitting/expansion references (for your “still expanding” line)
WV DEP NSR permit activity list (Chemours Washington Works entries) – WV DEP – 2025 – https://dep.wv.gov/daq/permitting/Pages/NSR-Permit-Applications.aspx WVDEP
Local coverage of Chemours discharge permit actions – WTAP – 2024 – https://www.wtap.com/2024/03/06/chemours-seeks-permit-discharge-wastewater-into-ohio-river/
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